The Effect of Chop Length and Additive on Silage Intake and Milk Production in Cows

Effects of reduced silage chop length on silage intake and milk production by dairy cows have been variable. Chopping of grass at harvest generally improves silage fermentation quality and consequently intake. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of chopping flail harvested silage ensiled with acid or biological additive prior to feeding on intake, milk yield and milk composition in dairy cows

Effects of Access Time to Feed and Sodium Bicarbonate in Cows Given Different Silages

Animal performance is closely related to silage intake, which might be affected by access time to feed, silage fermentation quality or using neutralising agents. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of access time to silage or addition of sodium bicarbonate on silage intake, milk yield and milk composition in diets based on restrictively fermented acid-treated or extensively fermented enzyme-treated grass silage

Self-assembled GaIn(N)As quantum dots: Enhanced luminescence at 1.3 µm

Self-assembled GaIn(N)As quantum dots are fabricated on GaAs by atmospheric pressuremetalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy using dimethylhydrazine (DMHy) precursor as a nitrogen source. The incorporation of nitrogen into the islands is observed to be negligible. However, the areal density of the islands is increased by up to one order of magnitude compared to that of the respective GaInAs islands. The GaIn(N)As island size can also be controlled by varying the DMHy flow. An enhancement of the room-temperature luminescence at 1.3 μm is observed in the GaIn(N)As samples grown with DMHy.Peer reviewe

Julkisivun metamorfoosi:rakennuksen muuttuvan hahmon arvo

Tiivistelmä. Diplomityössä tarkastellaan julkisivun metamorfoosia ja rakennuksen ajassa muuttuvan hahmon arvoa. Teksti rakentuu niin, että alussa käydään läpi lyhyesti estetiikan perusteita. Tavoitteena on ymmärtää paremmin kokemuksellisuutta, joka arkkitehtuurin ajallisuuteen liittyy. Tämän jälkeen esitellään ajallisuuteen keskittyneitä estetiikkasuuntauksia. Seuraavassa osiossa käsitellään huomioitavia asioita liittyen julkisivusuunnitteluun, julkisivun elinkaareen ja sen visuaalisuuteen. Viimeisessä osiossa näytetään tapauksia, jossa ikääntyminen on huomioitu jo suunnittelun tasolla ja lopuksi esittelen oman näkemykseni, kuinka rakennuksen visuaalinen vanheneminen voitaisiin huomioida yleisesti julkisivua suunniteltaessa. Miksi rakennuksen ikääntyvä hahmo jakaa mielipiteitä? Sanasemantiikan kannalta ”patina”-termin perusmerkityksen lisäksi se on konnotaatioltaan positiivinen eli se assosioidaan usein hyvänä pidettyihin ominaisuuksiin ja arvoihin. Silti denotaation eli perusmerkityksen määritelmä on ”patina”-sanan kannalta hyvin kontekstisidonnainen ja aina ei ole täysin selvää, mitä sillä tarkoitetaan, kun termiä käytetään julkisivun yhteydessä. Suoritin aiheeseen perehtymisen jälkeen suppean kvalitatiivisen eli laadullisen tutkimuksen. Haastattelin eri asiantuntijoiden näkemyksiä ajan kauneudesta, kestävyydestä ja hyödyllisyydestä julkisivun suhteen. Haastattelut olivat avoimia teemahaastatteluja, jotka oli personoitu haastateltavan tausta huomioiden. Haastattelun tarkoituksena oli synnyttää keskustelu teemaan liittyen, jotta aiheeseen voisi syventyä eri näkökulmista. Tavoitteena oli selvittää, mistä on kyse ja mitkä ovat syyt taustalla, kun olemme eri mieltä rakennuksen visuaalisesta vanhenemisesta. Suunnitteleminen on asian hahmottelemista ennalta. Suunnittelijan täytyy luottaa näkemykseensä luomastaan tulevaisuusskenaariosta, mutta hänen tulisi samalla vakuuttaa myös muut asianosaiset oikeasta tulevaisuuden suunnasta. Suunnitelmat ovat siis dokumentteja, jotka muun informaation lomassa, esittelevät suunnittelijan visiota tulevaisuudesta tietyssä ympäristössä. Voisiko näitä tai muita keinoja käyttäen, hahmottaa rakennuksen vanhentuvaa hahmoa itselle ja myös muille? Tavoitteena äärimmäistä yksimielisyyttä on lähes mahdotonta saavuttaa, silloin kun on kyse kauneuskäsityksistä. Ennakoimalla staattisen rakennelman muuttuminen ajassa, demonstroitaisiin ilmiö visuaalisesti. Tällöin muutkin, kuin suunnittelija itse, voisi luottaa hahmottavansa vision ja sen kestävyyden. On syytä mainita, että haastateltavat näkivät edellä mainitun demonstroinnin tarpeellisuuden. Diplomityötä on tukenut Julkisivuyhdistys ry ja Kunnallisalan kehittämissäätiö.The metamorphosis of the facade : the value of the changing appearance on a building. Abstract. The thesis examines the metamorphosis of the façade and the value of the changing appearance in time on a building. The text builds up so that fundamentals of the aesthetics are presented at first. As an objective is to comprehend better experiential which strongly concern the temporality of the architecture. After this some aesthetical factions focused on temporality are showcased. The next part considers on what one should pay attention to when planning a façade, façade’s lifecycle and it’s visuality. In the last part there is case studies about actualized building projects which took concept of aging into account already on a planning level. Ultimately, I present my own outlook on how building’s visual aging should be considered in general when drafting a façade. Why the aging appearance of the building splits opinions? If we examine the term patina from the point of view of linguistic semantics one could say that besides the denotation the term itself, often it has positive connotation which means that it’s often associated with good properties and values. However, the expression of denotation is significantly limited by its context and it’s not always clear what one means by it when the term is used in relation to façade. After studuying the topic I conducted a small qualitative research. I interviewed views of different experts on beauty, durability and utility of time in the façade context. The interviews were unlimited thematic interviews which were customized for the interviewees by their backgrounds. The purpose of the interview was to create a discussion about the topic so that the topic could be explored from different perspectives. The goal was to figure out why and what are the reasons underlying when we disagree about the visual aging of the building. Designing is a matter of anticipating the formation. Designer has to be confident about the created future scenario but at the same time designer has to convince other parties of the right orientation for this scenario. Plans are documents that, along with other information, present the vision of the future in a particular environmental context. Could one use these or other means to perceive the outdated character of the building for the designer himself and also for the others? The goal of extreme consensus is almost impossible to achieve when it comes to beauty ideals. By anticipating the change of static structure in time, the phenomenon would be visually demonstrated. It’s worth mentioning that, interviewees also saw the need for this kind of demonstration. The master’s thesis is supported by Finnish Façade Association (Julkisivuyhdistys ry) and Finnish Municipal Development Foundation (Kunnallisalan kehittämissäätiö)

Kinetic analysis of the growth of bone marrow mononuclear phagocytes in long term cultures

Contains fulltext : 4427.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Observation of defect complexes containing Ga vacancies in GaAsN

Positron annihilation spectroscopy was used to study GaAsN/GaAs epilayers. GaAsN layers were found to contain Ga vacancies in defect complexes. The density of the vacancy complexes increases rapidly to the order of 1018 cm−3 with increasing N composition and decreases after annealing at 700 °C. The anticorrelation of the vacancy concentration and the integrated photoluminescence intensity suggests that the Ga vacancy complexes act as nonradiative recombination centers.Peer reviewe

Performance of Surgical Stress Index during Sevoflurane-Fentanyl and Isoflurane-Fentanyl Anesthesia

The performance of recently introduced Surgical Stress Index (SSI), based on heart rate and photoplethysmography, was estimated during sevoflurane-fentanyl and isoflurane-fentanyl anesthesia during surgical procedures. Forty ASA I–III patients were enrolled. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 2 μg kg−1 and thiopentone 3–5 mg kg−1. Tracheal intubation was performed 5 minutes after fentanyl bolus. Patients were randomly allocated to receive sevoflurane (n = 20) or isoflurane (n = 20) in 30% oxygen/air. State entropy was kept at 40–60, target being 50. During surgery, fentanyl boluses 1.5 μg kg−1 were given at 30–40-minute intervals. SSI increased significantly after intubation. During surgery, the decrease of SSI after fentanyl boluses was similar in sevoflurane and isoflurane groups but SSI values were higher in sevoflurane than in isoflurane group. Tracheal intubation, skin incision, and surgical stimuli increased SSI from baseline, indicating that nociceptive stimuli increase SSI. Fentanyl boluses during surgery decreased SSI, indicating that increasing analgesia decreases SSI

Global change synergies and trade-offs between renewable energy and biodiversity

Reliance on fossil fuels is causing unprecedented climate change and is accelerating environmental degradation and global biodiversity loss. Together, climate change and biodiversity loss, if not averted urgently, may inflict severe damage on ecosystem processes, functions and services that support the welfare of modern societies. Increasing renewable energy deployment and expanding the current protected area network represent key solutions to these challenges, but conflicts may arise over the use of limited land for energy production as opposed to biodiversity conservation. Here, we compare recently identified core areas for the expansion of the global protected area network with the renewable energy potential available from land-based solar photovoltaic, wind energy and bioenergy (in the form of Miscanthus 9 giganteus). We show that these energy sources have very different biodiversity impacts and net energy contributions. The extent of risks and opportunities deriving from renewable energy development is highly dependent on the type of renewable source harvested, the restrictions imposed on energy harvest and the region considered, with Central America appearing at particularly high potential risk from renewable energy expansion. Without restrictions on power generation due to factors such as production and transport costs, we show that bioenergy production is a major potential threat to biodiversity, while the potential impact of wind and solar appears smaller than that of bioenergy. However, these differences become reduced when energy potential is restricted by external factors including local energy demand. Overall, we found that areas of opportunity for developing solar and wind energy with little harm to biodiversity could exist in several regions of the world, with the magnitude of potential impact being particularly dependent on restrictions imposed by local energy demand. The evidence provided here helps guide sustainable development of renewable energy and contributes to the targeting of global efforts in climate mitigation and biodiversity conservation